-
1 Heaviside, Oliver
[br]b. 18 May 1850 London, Englandd. 2 February 1925 Torquay, Devon, England[br]English physicist who correctly predicted the existence of the ionosphere and its ability to reflect radio waves.[br]Brought up in poor, almost Dickensian, circumstances, at the age of 13 years Heaviside, a nephew by marriage of Sir Charles Wheatstone, went to Camden House Grammar School. There he won a medal for science, but he was forced to leave because his parents could not afford the fees. After a year of private study, he began his working life in Newcastle in 1870 as a telegraph operator for an Anglo-Dutch cable company, but he had to give up after only four years because of increasing deafness. He therefore proceeded to spend his time studying theoretical aspects of electrical transmission and communication, and moved to Devon with his parents in 1889. Because the operation of many electrical circuits involves transient phenomena, he found it necessary to develop what he called operational calculus (which was essentially a form of the Laplace transform calculus) in order to determine the response to sudden voltage and current changes. In 1893 he suggested that the distortion that occurred on long-distance telephone lines could be reduced by adding loading coils at regular intervals, thus creating a matched-transmission line. Between 1893 and 1912 he produced a series of writings on electromagnetic theory, in one of which, anticipating a conclusion of Einstein's special theory of relativity, he put forward the idea that the mass of an electric charge increases with its velocity. When it was found that despite the curvature of the earth it was possible to communicate over very great distances using radio signals in the so-called "short" wavebands, Heaviside suggested the presence of a conducting layer in the ionosphere that reflected the waves back to earth. Since a similar suggestion had been made almost at the same time by Arthur Kennelly of Harvard, this layer became known as the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1891. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1924. Honorary PhD Gottingen. Honorary Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.Bibliography1872. "A method for comparing electro-motive forces", English Mechanic (July).1873. Philosophical Magazine (February) (a paper on the use of the Wheatstone Bridge). 1889, Electromagnetic Waves.1892, Electrical Papers.1893–1912, Electromagnetic Theory.Further ReadingI.Catt (ed.), 1987, Oliver Heaviside, The Man, St Albans: CAM Publishing.P.J.Nahin, 1988, Oliver Heaviside, Sage in Solitude: The Life and Works of an Electrical Genius of the Victorian Age, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York.J.B.Hunt, The Maxwellians, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.See also: Appleton, Sir Edward VictorKF -
2 Heaviside Schicht
f < phys> ■ E-layer; Kennelly-Heaviside layer -
3 Heaviside-Kennelly-Schicht
f < phys> ■ E-layer; Kennelly-Heaviside layerGerman-english technical dictionary > Heaviside-Kennelly-Schicht
-
4 Heaviside-Schicht
f AUDIO Heaviside layerDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Informatik > Heaviside-Schicht
-
5 capa Heaviside
f.Heaviside layer, layer of ionized gas in the earth's ionosphere. -
6 lapisan Kennely-Heaviside
Kennely-Heaviside layer -
7 Kennelly-Heaviside-Schicht
f AUDIO [der Ionosphäre] E-layerDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Informatik > Kennelly-Heaviside-Schicht
-
8 Heavisiden kerros
• Heaviside layer -
9 warstwa Heavisidea
• Heaviside layerSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > warstwa Heavisidea
-
10 слой
layerслой воздухаair slabслой ионосферы, разделенный на подслоиbifurcated layerслой межзвездного водородаhydrogen layerслой нейтрального водородаneutral hydrogen layer (in Galaxy)авроральный слойauroral layerатмосферные слоиatmospherics layersверхний слой атмосферыtop of atmosphereвнутренний плазменный слойinner plasma sheetвнутренние слои Солнцаsolar interiorвоздушный слойair layerвозмущающий слойdisturbing layerвспыхивающий слойflash layerвышележащий слойsuperstratumгофрированный токовый слойwarped current sheetкорональный слой туманностиcoronal layer of nebulaмутный слойtubid layer (in atmosphere)нейтральный слойneutral sheet (in magnetotail)нижний слой атмосферыsurface air layerнижний слой облаковunderstratumоблачный слойcloud layerобращающий слойreversing layerозоновый слойozone layerплазменный слойplasma sheetповерхностный слойsurface layerпоглощающий слойabsorbing layerподстилающий слойunderlayerприземный слой атмосферыfriction layerпротивоореольный слойantihalation layerпылевой слойdust layerтурбулентный слойturbulent layerфиолетовый слойviolet layer (in Martian atmosphere)фотосферный слойphotospheric layerэкваториальный слойequatorial layerB слойB-layerC слойC-layerD слой1.D-layer 2.Chapman layerE-слой F слои1.F layers 2.Applton layersG слойG – layer -
11 jonosfera
• heaviside bridge layer; kennelly-heaviside layer -
12 слой Кеннели - Хевисайда
Heaviside, Kennelly-Heaviside layerРусско-английский физический словарь > слой Кеннели - Хевисайда
-
13 слой Хевисайда
Heaviside layer (особый слой E ионосферы со специальными свойствами)Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > слой Хевисайда
-
14 Хевисайда слой
Heaviside layerсм. также E-слой -
15 слой E ионосферы
-
16 слой Хевисайда
1) Naval: Heaviside layer (в ионосфере)2) Astronautics: Heaviside layer, Kennelly-Heaviside layer -
17 слой Хевисайда-Кеннели
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > слой Хевисайда-Кеннели
-
18 слой е ионосферы
Astronautics: Heaviside layer, Kennelly-Heaviside layer, e layer, e-layer -
19 слой E
1) Engineering: E layer (ионосферы), Heaviside layer (ионосферы), Kennelly-Heaviside layer (ионосферы)2) Makarov: E-region (ионосферы) -
20 слой Е
( ионосферы) E layer, Heaviside layer, Kennelly-Heaviside layer, E-region
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Heaviside layer — [hev′ē sīd΄] n. 〚after O. Heaviside (1850 1925), Eng physicist〛 E LAYER * * * … Universalium
Heaviside layer — [hev′ē sīd΄] n. [after O. Heaviside (1850 1925), Eng physicist] E LAYER … English World dictionary
Heaviside layer — A layer of ionized particles that surrounds the earth. The layer, also called the E layer, has ionization of around 106 free electrons. The layer is found at a height of around 60 to 90 miles (100 150 km), but its height varies according to the… … Aviation dictionary
Heaviside layer — /ˈhɛvisaɪd leɪə/ (say heveesuyd layuh) noun the lower region, or regions, of the ionosphere chiefly responsible for the reflection of radio waves of certain frequencies, thus making long distance radio communication possible. Also, E layer,… …
Heaviside layer — Hevisaido sluoksnis statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. Heaviside layer vok. Heaviside Schicht, f rus. слой Хевисайда, m pranc. couche d’Heaviside, f … Fizikos terminų žodynas
Heaviside layer — (also Heaviside–Kennelly layer) noun another name for E layer. Origin early 20th cent.: named after the English physicist Oliver Heaviside and the American engineer Arthur E. Kennelly … English new terms dictionary
Heaviside layer — n. (in full Heaviside Kennelly layer) = E LAYER. Etymology: O. Heaviside, Engl. physicist d. 1925, and A. E. Kennelly, US physicist d. 1939 … Useful english dictionary
Heaviside layer. — See E layer. [1910 15; named after O. HEAVISIDE] * * * … Universalium
Heaviside layer. — See E layer. [1910 15; named after O. HEAVISIDE] … Useful english dictionary
Heaviside layer — noun Etymology: Oliver Heaviside Date: 1912 ionosphere … New Collegiate Dictionary
Kennelly-Heaviside layer — The Kennelly Heaviside layer, also known as the E region or simply the Heaviside layer, is a layer of ionised gas occurring at 90 ndash;150 km above the ground mdash; one of several layers in the Earth s ionosphere. It reflects medium frequency… … Wikipedia